Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from the aerial parts of Chuquiraga arcuataHarling grown in the highlands of Ecuador / Composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial de las partes aéreas de Chuquiraga arcuataHarling cultivado en las tierras altas del Ecuador

Thechemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Chuquiraga arcuataHarling grown in the Ecuadorian Andes were studied. One hundred and twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.8%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (44.1%) had the major percentages. The most abundant compounds were camphor (21.6%), myrcene (19.5%), and 1,8-cineole (13.4%). Antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH, ABTS,and FRAP assays. The essential oil had a moderate scavenging effect and reduction of ferric ion capacity through FRAP assay. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was observed against four pathogenic bacteria and a fungus. The essential oil exhibited activity against all microorganism strains under test, particularly against Candida albicansand Staphylococcus aureuswith MICs of 2.43-12.10 µg/mL.

Se estudió la composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial procedente de las partes aérea (hojas y flores) de Chuquiraga arcuataHarling cultivadas en los Andes ecuatorianos. Se identificaron 126 compuestos en el aceite esencial. Los hidrocarburos monoterpénicos (45,8%) y los monoterpenos oxigenados (44,1%) tuvieron el mayor porcentaje. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron alcanfor (21,6%), mirceno (19,5%) y 1,8-cineol (13,4%). La actividadantioxidante se examinó mediante ensayos DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. El aceite esencial tuvo un efecto eliminador moderado y una reducción de la capacidad de iones férricos mediante el ensayo FRAP. Se observó actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial contra cuatro bacterias y un hongo patógenos. El aceite esencial mostró actividad contra todas las cepas de microorganismos bajo prueba, particularmente contra Candida albicansy Staphylococcus aureuscon CMI de 2,43-12,10 µg/mL.

Work Ability Index: Psychometric Testing in Aeronautical Industry Workers.

Background: The Work Ability Index (WAI) is an instrument that measures work ability. The wide dispersion of the WAI internationally has led to its adaptation for use in different countries. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the WAI. Methods: A methodological design was used over an opportunistic sample of 233 workers in the aeronautical industry in Spain. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency. Factorial validity, known groups, and convergent validity were tested. Results: The Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation indicated an adequate internal consistency. The confirmatory factor analysis, performed to evaluate the factorial validity, found adequate fit indices for a two-factor solution with a high correlation between the factors. Factor 1, "Subjectively estimated work ability and resources", was composed of 3 subscales and factor 2, "Ill-health-related", of 2 subscales. Subscales 4 and 6 had loading in both factors. Workers under 45 years of age obtained higher significant scores than older ones. Convergent validity was also evidenced since WAI was highly correlated with self-assessment of health status. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the WAI has shown evidence of reliability and validity in this study, supporting its use in individual and collective health surveillance by occupational health professionals. The factorial solution that was found has previously been reported in another international context. However, further research is needed to resolve the discrepancies detected in the role of some subscales between other national and international studies.

Efectividad y seguridad de una estrategia de antiagregación plaquetaria simple tras cierre percutáneo de orejuela izquierda en pacientes con FA / Single antiplatelet therapy after left atrial appendage closure in patients with AF: safety and effectiveness

Introduction and objectives The optimal antithrombotic strategy following left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is poorly defined in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. We assessed the safety and effectiveness of a single antiplatelet treatment (SAPT) strategy after LAAC in a population at high risk of ischemic and bleeding events. Methods This single-center, observational, prospective study included a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent LAAC using the LAmbre device (Lifetech Scientific, China) and who were discharged with SAPT. The primary outcome was a composite of stroke, systemic embolism, and device-related thrombosis during follow-up. Secondary endpoints were cardiovascular mortality and major bleeding events (BARC ≥3a). Clinical follow-up was performed at 1, 6, and 12 months and subsequently on an annual basis. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed at 1 and 12 months of follow-up. Results The study comprised 74 patients. The median age was 77 [72-83] years and 43% were women. The cohort exhibited a high prevalence of comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. The median CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were 4 [3-6] and 4 [4-5], respectively. The median length of follow-up was 2.5 years (188 patients-year). During follow-up, device-related thrombosis occurred in 3 patients (4%). Ischemic stroke occurred in 1 patient (1.3%, rate 0.5%/y), representing a 90.9% relative risk reduction compared with the risk predicted by CHA2DS2-VASc. Major bleeding events occurred in 12 patients (16%, 6.4%/y), with a relative risk reduction of 26.4% of that predicted by HAS-BLED. Cardiovascular-related mortality was observed in 2 patients (2.7%). Conclusions SAPT appears to be a safe and effective treatment following LAAC in patients at high ischemic and hemorrhagic risk. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings (AU)

Introducción y objetivos Se desconoce cuál es la terapia antitrombótica óptima tras el cierre percutáneo de la orejuela izquierda (CPOI) en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la efectividad y la seguridad de un régimen de tratamiento antiagregante plaquetario simple (TAPS) tras el CPOI en una población con alto riesgo isquémico y hemorrágico. Métodos Estudio observacional prospectivo que incluyó una cohorte consecutiva de pacientes a los que se realizó CPOI con dispositivo LAmbre (Lifetech Scientific, China) y que recibieron TAPS al alta. El evento primario fue un combinado de ictus, embolia sistémica y trombosis del dispositivo. Los eventos secundarios fueron mortalidad cardiovascular y hemorragia mayor (BARC ≥ 3a). Se realizó seguimiento clínico al mes y a los 6 y 12 meses y cada año después. Se realizó ecocardiograma transesofágico al mes y a los 12 meses. Resultados Se incluyó a 74 pacientes (el 43% mujeres) con una mediana de edad de 77 [intervalo intercuartílico, 72-83] años, que presentaban gran comorbilidad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los valores de CHA2DS2-VASc y HAS-BLED fueron una mediana de 4 [3-6] y 4 [4-5] respectivamente. Durante el seguimiento (mediana, 2,5 años), 3 pacientes (4%) presentaron trombosis del dispositivo. Uno sufrió ictus isquémico (1,3%, 0,5%/año), lo que supone, según la incidencia esperada por CHA2DS2-VASc, una reducción del riesgo relativo del 90,9%. Sufrieron eventos hemorrágicos 12 pacientes (16%; 6,4%/año), una tasa el 26,4% menor que el riesgo HAS-BLED predicho. Se produjo la muerte cardiovascular de 2 pacientes (2,7%). Conclusiones Una estrategia de TAPS tras el CPOI parece ser una opción efectiva y segura para los pacientes con altos riesgos isquémico y hemorrágico. Se necesitan más estudios que corroboren nuestros resultados (AU)

Coupling remote sensing and eDNA to monitor environmental impact: A pilot to quantify the environmental benefits of sustainable agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon.

Monitoring is essential to ensure that environmental goals are being achieved, including those of sustainable agriculture. Growing interest in environmental monitoring provides an opportunity to improve monitoring practices. Approaches that directly monitor land cover change and biodiversity annually by coupling the wall-to-wall coverage from remote sensing and the site-specific community composition from environmental DNA (eDNA) can provide timely, relevant results for parties interested in the success of sustainable agricultural practices. To ensure that the measured impacts are due to the environmental projects and not exogenous factors, sites where projects have been implemented should be benchmarked against counterfactuals (no project) and control (natural habitat) sites. Results can then be used to calculate diverse sets of indicators customized to monitor different projects. Here, we report on our experience developing and applying one such approach to assess the impact of shaded cocoa projects implemented by the Instituto de Manejo e Certificação Florestal e Agrícola (IMAFLORA) near São Félix do Xingu, in Pará, Brazil. We used the Continuous Degradation Detection (CODED) and LandTrendr algorithms to create a remote sensing-based assessment of forest disturbance and regeneration, estimate carbon sequestration, and changes in essential habitats. We coupled these remote sensing methods with eDNA analyses using arthropod-targeted primers by collecting soil samples from intervention and counterfactual pasture field sites and a control secondary forest. We used a custom set of indicators from the pilot application of a coupled monitoring framework called TerraBio. Our results suggest that, due to IMAFLORA's shaded cocoa projects, over 400 acres were restored in the intervention area and the community composition of arthropods in shaded cocoa is closer to second-growth forests than that of pastures. In reviewing the coupled approach, we found multiple aspects worked well, and we conclude by presenting multiple lessons learned.

Single antiplatelet therapy after left atrial appendage closure in patients with AF: safety and effectiveness.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The optimal antithrombotic strategy following left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is poorly defined in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. We assessed the safety and effectiveness of a single antiplatelet treatment (SAPT) strategy after LAAC in a population at high risk of ischemic and bleeding events. METHODS: This single-center, observational, prospective study included a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent LAAC using the LAmbre device (Lifetech Scientific, China) and who were discharged with SAPT. The primary outcome was a composite of stroke, systemic embolism, and device-related thrombosis during follow-up. Secondary endpoints were cardiovascular mortality and major bleeding events (BARC ≥3a). Clinical follow-up was performed at 1, 6, and 12 months and subsequently on an annual basis. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed at 1 and 12 months of follow-up. RESULTS: The study comprised 74 patients. The median age was 77 [72-83] years and 43% were women. The cohort exhibited a high prevalence of comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. The median CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were 4 [3-6] and 4 [4-5], respectively. The median length of follow-up was 2.5 years (188 patients-year). During follow-up, device-related thrombosis occurred in 3 patients (4%). Ischemic stroke occurred in 1 patient (1.3%, rate 0.5%/y), representing a 90.9% relative risk reduction compared with the risk predicted by CHA2DS2-VASc. Major bleeding events occurred in 12 patients (16%, 6.4%/y), with a relative risk reduction of 26.4% of that predicted by HAS-BLED. Cardiovascular-related mortality was observed in 2 patients (2.7%). CONCLUSIONS: SAPT appears to be a safe and effective treatment following LAAC in patients at high ischemic and hemorrhagic risk. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders: Potential therapeutic application of mitochondrial transfer to central nervous system-residing cells.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is reiteratively involved in the pathogenesis of diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Current in vitro and in vivo approaches support that mitochondrial dysfunction is branded by several molecular and cellular defects, whose impact at different levels including the calcium and iron homeostasis, energetic balance and/or oxidative stress, makes it difficult to resolve them collectively given their multifactorial nature. Mitochondrial transfer offers an overall solution since it contains the replacement of damage mitochondria by healthy units. Therefore, this review provides an introducing view on the structure and energy-related functions of mitochondria as well as their dynamics. In turn, we summarize current knowledge on how these features are deregulated in different neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson´s disease, and Huntington's disease. Finally, we analyzed current advances in mitochondrial transfer between diverse cell types that actively participate in neurodegenerative processes, and how they might be projected toward developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Corrigendum: Exploring the therapeutic potential of the mitochondrial transfer-associated enzymatic machinery in brain degeneration.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1217815.].

Association between Variables of Eating Habits and Gastric Trophic Changes in a Gastroenterology Institution in Medellín, Colombia

Aim: To establish the relationship between consuming foods considered risk factors for gastric cancer and trophic changes in gastric mucosa. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. We included patients older than 18 admitted for upper GI endoscopy with biopsies who adequately answered a survey of personal history and eating habits. Those with a history of gastric cancer or gastric surgical resection for any reason were excluded. The association between feeding variables and trophic changes in the gastric mucosa was estimated. Results: In a population of 1,096 patients, the average age was 51 years (standard deviation [SD]: 15.5), and 59% were women. Trophic changes in the gastric mucosa were identified in 173 patients (15.8%). No statistical association was found between the independent variables of eating habits, obesity, and positive Helicobacter pylori versus the variable "trophic changes," unlike the variable "family history of gastric cancer" (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.17, p = 0.036). One case of high-grade dysplasia was detected in the study population (0.91 cases in 1,000 patients). Conclusions: No association was established between eating habits and trophic changes in the gastric mucosa in the studied population. A family history of gastric cancer is a statistically significant risk factor for developing atrophy, metaplasia, or dysplasia changes.

Objetivo: establecer la relación entre el consumo de alimentos considerados como factores de riesgo para cáncer gástrico y la presencia de cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los pacientes mayores de 18 años admitidos para realización de endoscopia digestiva superior con toma de biopsias que respondieron adecuadamente una encuesta de antecedentes personales y hábitos de alimentación. Se excluyeron aquellos con antecedente de cáncer gástrico o resección quirúrgica gástrica por cualquier motivo. Se estimó la asociación entre las variables de alimentación y la presencia de cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica. Resultados: en una población de 1096 pacientes, el promedio de la edad fue 51 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 15,5), y correspondió en un 59% a mujeres. Se identificaron cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica en 173 pacientes (15,8%). No se obtuvo asociación estadística entre las variables independientes de hábitos de alimentación, obesidad y Helicobacter pylori positivo frente a la variable "cambios tróficos", a diferencia de la variable "antecedente familiar de cáncer gástrico" (odds ratio [OR]: 1,49; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 1,03-2,17; p = 0,036). Se obtuvo 1 caso de displasia de alto grado en la población estudiada (0,91 casos en 1000 pacientes). Conclusiones: no se estableció una asociación entre los hábitos de alimentación y la presencia de cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica en la población estudiada. El antecedente familiar de cáncer gástrico se muestra como un factor de riesgo estadísticamente significativo para el desarrollo de cambios de atrofia, metaplasia o displasia.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of the mitochondrial transfer-associated enzymatic machinery in brain degeneration.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central event in the pathogenesis of several degenerative brain disorders. It entails fission and fusion dynamics disruption, progressive decline in mitochondrial clearance, and uncontrolled oxidative stress. Many therapeutic strategies have been formulated to reverse these alterations, including replacing damaged mitochondria with healthy ones. Spontaneous mitochondrial transfer is a naturally occurring process with different biological functions. It comprises mitochondrial donation from one cell to another, carried out through different pathways, such as the formation and stabilization of tunneling nanotubules and Gap junctions and the release of extracellular vesicles with mitochondrial cargoes. Even though many aspects of regulating these mechanisms still need to be discovered, some key enzymatic regulators have been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on mitochondrial dysfunction in different neurodegenerative disorders. Besides, we analyzed the usage of mitochondrial transfer as an endogenous revitalization tool, emphasizing the enzyme regulators that govern this mechanism. Going deeper into this matter would be helpful to take advantage of the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transfer.

Left ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias in asymptomatic patients with systemic sclerosis / Disfunción ventricular izquierda y arritmias en pacientes asintomáticos con esclerosis sistémica

Introduction and aims Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (SS) is frequently silent and a major cause of mortality in these patients. This work aims to study the prevalence and associations of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and arrhythmias in SS. Methods and results Prospective study of SS patients (n=36), excluding those with symptoms of (or) cardiac disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension or cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). A clinical, analytical, electrocardiogram (EKG), Holter, and echocardiogram with global longitudinal strain (GLS) assessment were performed. Arrhythmias were classified into clinically significant arrhythmias (CSA) and non-significant.Twenty-eight percent had left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), 22% LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD) according to the GLS, 11.1% both, and 16.7% cardiac dysautonomia. Fifty percent presented alterations by EKG (44% CSA), 55.6% by Holter (75% CSA) and 8.3% CSA by both. An association was found between the elevation of troponin T (TnTc) and CSA and between the elevation of both NT-proBNP and TnTc with LVDD. Conclusions We found a higher prevalence of LVSD than in the literature, detected by GLS and being 10 times higher than that detected by LVEF, which justifies the need to incorporate this technique in the routine evaluation of these patients. The association of TnTc and NT-proBNP with LVDD suggests that they can be used as minimally invasive biomarkers of this affectation. The absence of correlation between LVD and CSA indicates that the arrhythmias could be due, not only to a supposed structural alteration of the myocardium, but to an independent and early cardiac involvement, which should be actively investigated even in asymptomatic patients without CVRF. (AU)

Introducción y objetivosLa afectación cardiaca en la esclerosis sistémica (ES) es frecuentemente asintomática y se asocia con una mortalidad importante. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la prevalencia y las asociaciones de la disfunción ventricular izquierda (DVI) y las arritmias en la ES. Métodos y resultados Estudio prospectivo de pacientes con ES (n = 36), excluyendo aquellos con síntomas o enfermedad cardiaca, hipertensión arterial pulmonar o factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). Se les realizó una evaluación clínica, analítica, con electrocardiograma (ECG), Holter y ecocardiograma con strain longitudinal global (SLG). Las arritmias se clasificaron en arritmias clínicamente significativas (ACS) y no significativas.De los pacientes estudiados, 27,8% presentaba disfunción diastólica del ventrículo izquierdo (DDVI), 22% disfunción sistólica del VI (DSVI) según el SLG, 11,1% ambas y 16,7% disautonomía cardiaca; 50% presentó alteraciones por ECG (44% ACS), 55,6% por Holter (75% ACS) y 8,3% ACS por ambos. Se encontró una asociación entre la elevación de troponina T (TnTc) y ACS y entre la elevación NT-proBNP y TnTc con la DDVI. Conclusiones Encontramos una prevalencia de DSVI mayor que en la literatura, detectada por SLG y siendo 10 veces superior a la detectada por FEVI, lo que justifica la necesidad de incorporar esta técnica en la evaluación rutinaria de estos pacientes. La asociación de TnTc y NT-proBNP con DDVI sugiere que pueden ser utilizados como biomarcadores mínimamente invasivos de esta afectación. La ausencia de correlación entre DVI y ACS indica que las arritmias podrían deberse, no solo a una supuesta alteración estructural del miocardio, sino a un compromiso cardiaco independiente y temprano, que debe investigarse activamente incluso en pacientes asintomáticos sin FRCV. (AU)

Alpha-SNAP (M105I) mutation promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells through overactivation of AMPK.

Background: The M105I point mutation in α-SNAP (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein-alpha) leads in mice to a complex phenotype known as hyh (hydrocephalus with hop gait), characterized by cortical malformation and hydrocephalus, among other neuropathological features. Studies performed by our laboratory and others support that the hyh phenotype is triggered by a primary alteration in embryonic neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) that leads to a disruption of the ventricular and subventricular zones (VZ/SVZ) during the neurogenic period. Besides the canonical role of α-SNAP in SNARE-mediated intracellular membrane fusion dynamics, it also negatively modulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. AMPK is a conserved metabolic sensor associated with the proliferation/differentiation balance in NSPCs. Methods: Brain samples from hyh mutant mice (hydrocephalus with hop gait) (B6C3Fe-a/a-Napahyh/J) were analyzed by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blot at different developmental stages. In addition, NSPCs derived from WT and hyh mutant mice were cultured as neurospheres for in vitro characterization and pharmacological assays. BrdU labeling was used to assess proliferative activity in situ and in vitro. Pharmacological modulation of AMPK was performed using Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) and AICAR (AMPK activator). Results: α-SNAP was preferentially expressed in the brain, showing variations in the levels of α-SNAP protein in different brain regions and developmental stages. NSPCs from hyh mice (hyh-NSPCs) displayed reduced levels of α-SNAP and increased levels of phosphorylated AMPKα (pAMPKαThr172), which were associated with a reduction in their proliferative activity and a preferential commitment with the neuronal lineage. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of AMPK in hyh-NSPCs increased proliferative activity and completely abolished the increased generation of neurons. Conversely, AICAR-mediated activation of AMPK in WT-NSPCs reduced proliferation and boosted neuronal differentiation. Discussion: Our findings support that α-SNAP regulates AMPK signaling in NSPCs, further modulating their neurogenic capacity. The naturally occurring M105I mutation of α-SNAP provokes an AMPK overactivation in NSPCs, thus connecting the α-SNAP/AMPK axis with the etiopathogenesis and neuropathology of the hyh phenotype.

Cardiometabolic risk factors and antithrombotic treatment in a Mexican population with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

INTRODUCTION: Heart failure in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is two to three times more common than in individuals without NVAF. OBJECTIVE: To identify cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) and antithrombotic treatment in patients with NVAF and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and to determine if there were differences according to gender. METHODS: CMRF, pro-thrombotic risk, bleeding risk, and antithrombotic therapy were globally analyzed and according to gender. RESULTS: Out of 1,423 patients with NVAF, 336 had HFrEF. On average, females were older than males. There was no difference between genders with regard to the type of NVAF or direct oral anticoagulants use. Hypertension was more common in women. History of transient ischemic attack was reported in 3.6% of the patients and cerebrovascular event in 10%, without differences in terms of gender. The percentage of men with elevated embolic risk was higher, but without antithrombotic treatment, in comparison with women. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences were found according to gender in patients with NVAF and HFrEF, both in CMRF and some comorbidities, as well as in antithrombotic treatment according to embolic and bleeding risk.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La insuficiencia cardiaca en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV) es de dos a tres veces más frecuente que en individuos sin FANV. OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico (FRCM) y el tratamiento antitrombótico de pacientes con FANV e insuficiencia cardiaca con fracción de expulsión reducida (IC-FEr), y determinar si existen diferencias conforme al sexo. MÉTODOS: En forma global y de acuerdo con el sexo se analizaron FRCM, riesgo protrombótico, riesgo de sangrado y terapia antitrombótica. RESULTADOS: De 1423 pacientes con FANV, 336 tuvieron IC-FEr. Las mujeres promediaron mayor edad que los hombres. No hubo diferencia entre los sexos respecto al tipo de FANV o uso de anticoagulantes orales directos. La hipertensión arterial sistémica fue más frecuente en mujeres. Un 3.6 % de los pacientes reportó antecedente de ataque isquémico transitorio y 10 % de evento vascular cerebral, sin diferencias en cuanto al sexo. El porcentaje de hombres con riesgo embólico elevado fue mayor, pero sin tratamiento antitrombótico, en comparación con las mujeres. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron diferencias significativas de acuerdo con el sexo en pacientes con FANV e IC-FEr, tanto en FRCM y algunas comorbilidades, como en el tratamiento antitrombótico de acuerdo con el riesgo embólico y de sangrado.

The Arabidopsis endosperm is a temperature-sensing tissue that implements seed thermoinhibition through phyB.

Seed thermoinhibition, the repression of germination under high temperatures, prevents seedling establishment under potentially fatal conditions. Thermoinhibition is relevant for phenology and agriculture, particularly in a warming globe. The temperature sensing mechanisms and signaling pathways sustaining thermoinhibition are unknown. Here we show that thermoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana is not autonomously controlled by the embryo but is rather implemented by the endosperm. High temperature is sensed through endospermic phyB by accelerating its reversion from the active signaling Pfr form into the inactive Pr form, as previously described in seedlings. This leads to thermoinhibition mediated by PIFs, mainly PIF1, PIF3 and PIF5. Endospermic PIF3 represses the expression of the endospermic ABA catabolic gene CYP707A1 and promotes endospermic ABA accumulation and release towards the embryo to block its growth. Furthermore, endospermic ABA represses embryonic PIF3 accumulation that would otherwise promote embryonic growth. Hence, under high temperatures PIF3 exerts opposite growth responses in the endosperm and embryo.

Left ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias in asymptomatic patients with systemic sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (SS) is frequently silent and a major cause of mortality in these patients. This work aims to study the prevalence and associations of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and arrhythmias in SS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective study of SS patients (n=36), excluding those with symptoms of (or) cardiac disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension or cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). A clinical, analytical, electrocardiogram (EKG), Holter, and echocardiogram with global longitudinal strain (GLS) assessment were performed. Arrhythmias were classified into clinically significant arrhythmias (CSA) and non-significant. Twenty-eight percent had left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), 22% LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD) according to the GLS, 11.1% both, and 16.7% cardiac dysautonomia. Fifty percent presented alterations by EKG (44% CSA), 55.6% by Holter (75% CSA) and 8.3% CSA by both. An association was found between the elevation of troponin T (TnTc) and CSA and between the elevation of both NT-proBNP and TnTc with LVDD. CONCLUSIONS: We found a higher prevalence of LVSD than in the literature, detected by GLS and being 10 times higher than that detected by LVEF, which justifies the need to incorporate this technique in the routine evaluation of these patients. The association of TnTc and NT-proBNP with LVDD suggests that they can be used as minimally invasive biomarkers of this affectation. The absence of correlation between LVD and CSA indicates that the arrhythmias could be due, not only to a supposed structural alteration of the myocardium, but to an independent and early cardiac involvement, which should be actively investigated even in asymptomatic patients without CVRF.

Expression and distribution of kallikrein-related peptidases 5, 7, 8 and 10 in normal apocrine gland of canine skin / Expresión y distribución de péptidos relacionados con la calicreína 5, 7, 8 y 10 en glándula apocrina normal de piel canina

SUMMARY: Apocrine glands are sweat glands that are located in the skin of the dog. Anal sac apocrine, circunanal apocrine, and mammary glands are considered modified apocrine structures, and there are about nine possible types of neoplasms and other tumors in the apocrine glands of the dog and cat, including cysts, adenoma, carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Thus, it is important to provide new markers to characterize these glands to improve the histopathological diagnosis. In this article, we describe the distribution of kallikrein- related peptidases 5, 7, 8, and 10 in the normal apocrine glands of the dog's skin. These proteases have been shown to play a fundamental role in the homeostasis of the human skin barrier but have been scarcely studied in canine skin.

Las glándulas apocrinas son glándulas sudoríparas que se encuentran en la piel del perro. Las glándulas apocrinas del saco anal, apocrinas circunanales y mamarias se consideran estructuras apocrinas modificadas, y existen alrededor de nueve tipos posibles de neoplasias y otros tumores en las glándulas apocrinas del perro y el gato, incluidos quistes, adenoma, carcinoma y adenocarcinoma. Por lo tanto, es importante proporcionar nuevos marcadores para caracterizar estas glándulas para mejorar el diagnóstico histopatológico. En este artículo, describimos la distribución de las peptidasas 5, 7, 8 y 10 relacionadas con la calicreína en las glándulas apocrinas normales de la piel del perro. Se ha demostrado que estas proteasas desempeñan un papel fundamental en la homeostasis de la barrera de la piel humana, pero apenas se han estudiado en la piel canina.

Factores de riesgo cardiometabólico y tratamiento antitrombótico en población mexicana con fibrilación auricular e insuficiencia cardiaca con fracción de expulsión reducida / Cardiometabolic risk factors and antithrombotic treatment in a Mexican population with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Resumen Introducción: La insuficiencia cardiaca en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV) es de dos a tres veces más frecuente que en individuos sin FANV. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico (FRCM) y el tratamiento antitrombótico de pacientes con FANV e insuficiencia cardiaca con fracción de expulsión reducida (IC-FEr), y determinar si existen diferencias conforme al sexo. Métodos: En forma global y de acuerdo con el sexo se analizaron FRCM, riesgo protrombótico, riesgo de sangrado y terapia antitrombótica. Resultados: De 1423 pacientes con FANV, 336 tuvieron IC-FEr. Las mujeres promediaron mayor edad que los hombres. No hubo diferencia entre los sexos respecto al tipo de FANV o uso de anticoagulantes orales directos. La hipertensión arterial sistémica fue más frecuente en mujeres. Un 3.6 % de los pacientes reportó antecedente de ataque isquémico transitorio y 10 % de evento vascular cerebral, sin diferencias en cuanto al sexo. El porcentaje de hombres con riesgo embólico elevado fue mayor, pero sin tratamiento antitrombótico, en comparación con las mujeres. Conclusiones: Se encontraron diferencias significativas de acuerdo con el sexo en pacientes con FANV e IC-FEr, tanto en FRCM y algunas comorbilidades, como en el tratamiento antitrombótico de acuerdo con el riesgo embólico y de sangrado.

Abstract Introduction: Heart failure in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is two to three times more common than in individuals without NVAF. Objective: To identify cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) and antithrombotic treatment in patients with NVAF and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and to determine if there were differences according to gender. Methods: CMRF, pro-thrombotic risk, bleeding risk, and antithrombotic therapy were globally analyzed and according to gender. Results: Out of 1,423 patients with NVAF, 336 had HFrEF. On average, females were older than males. There was no difference between genders with regard to the type of NVAF or direct oral anticoagulants use. Hypertension was more common in women. History of transient ischemic attack was reported in 3.6% of the patients and cerebrovascular event in 10%, without differences in terms of gender. The percentage of men with elevated embolic risk was higher, but without antithrombotic treatment, in comparison with women. Conclusions: Significant differences were found according to gender in patients with NVAF and HFrEF, both in CMRF and some comorbidities, as well as in antithrombotic treatment according to embolic and bleeding risk.

Novel Multipotent Amantadine-M30D Hybrids with Highly Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition and Neuroprotective Effects as Effective Anti-Alzheimer's Agents.

As a contribution to the development of new dual/multifunctional drugs, a novel therapeutical scaffold merging key structural features from memantine and M30D was designed, synthesized, and explored for its AChE/BuChE inhibitory activity and neuroprotective effects. All synthetized hybrids were not able to inhibit AChE, but most of them exhibit inhibition with high selectivity toward butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Notably, among the tested compounds, amantadine/M30D hybrids with six, seven, nine, and twelve methylene groups in the spacer (5d, 5e, 5f, and 5g) not only highlighted having the best potency and selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibition greater than 83% but also, particularly 5e and 5d, elicited considerable neuroprotection when evaluated in pretreatment conditions, by reducing injury effects caused by glutamate with maximum protection reached about 47.82 ± 0.81% (5e) and 42 ± 2.20% (5d) in comparison with memantine (37.27 ± 2.69%). Likewise, we chose 5e as the hit compound, which in a glutamate excitotoxity coculture model prevented astroglia reactivity and neuronal death, as well as a 91% restoration of calcium levels and an increasing ATP level in both pre-/post-treatments of 61.48 ± 4.60 and 45.16 ± 10.55%, respectively. Regarding docking studies, a blockade of the NMDA channel pore by 5e would explain its neuroprotective response. Finally, the hit compound 5e exhibited in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and human plasma stability, as well as an optimal in silico neuropharmacokinetic profile. From a therapeutic perspective, merging key pharmacophoric features from memantine and M30D provides a new medicinal scaffold with dual-/multifunctional properties and human plasma stability for the future development of potential drugs for treating AD.

Incidence and characterization of colorectal adenomas in the area of influence of a specialized institution / Incidencia y caracterización de adenomas colorrectales en el área de influencia de una institución especializada

Abstract Aim: To locate and characterize colorectal adenomas endoscopically and histologically in a cohort of patients undergoing colonoscopy in Medellín, Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. We included patients older than 18 years who underwent colonoscopy between February and July 2020 at a specialized center in Medellín, Colombia. We determined the incidence of adenomas, their location in different segments of the colon, their endoscopic and histological characteristics, and cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Results: 992 colonoscopies were performed, finding colorectal polyps in 266 patients, of which 208 had adenomas. We resected 461 polyps, of which 336 were adenomas (72 %). The histological type with the highest representation was tubular (78 %). The location of adenomas was 37 % in the right colon, 25 % in the transverse colon, and 38 % in the left colon. CRC cases were nine per 1,000 patients, including advanced carcinoma and carcinoma in situ (HGD). Conclusions: Given the incidence of adenomas in the right and transverse colon, rectosigmoidoscopy is discouraged as a screening study for CRC. Tubular adenomas, sessile in appearance and tiny, predominated in the population studied. We recommend screening in the population over 40 years of age and the search for precursor lesions as strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality rates due to CRC.

Resumen Objetivo: localización y caracterización endoscópica e histológica de los adenomas colorrectales en una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a colonoscopia en Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años sometidos a colonoscopia entre febrero y julio de 2020 en un centro especializado de Medellín, Colombia. Se determinó la incidencia de adenomas, su localización en los diferentes segmentos del colon, sus características endoscópicas e histológicas, así como también los casos de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) y displasia de alto grado. Resultados: se realizaron 992 colonoscopias y se encontraron pólipos colorrectales en 266 pacientes, de los cuales 208 tenían adenomas. En total se resecaron 461 pólipos, de los cuales 336 fueron adenomas (72 %). El tipo histológico con mayor representación fue el tubular (78 %). La localización de adenomas fue del 37 % en el colon derecho, 25 % en el transverso y 38 % en el colon izquierdo. La cantidad de casos de CCR fue de 9 por 1000 pacientes, que incluyen carcinoma avanzado y carcinoma in situ (DAG). Conclusiones: dada la incidencia de adenomas en el colon derecho y transverso, no se recomienda la rectosigmoidoscopia como estudio de tamizaje para CCR. En la población estudiada fueron predominantes los adenomas tubulares, de aspecto sésil y tamaño diminuto. Se recomienda el tamizaje en la población mayor de 40 años y la búsqueda de lesiones precursoras como estrategias para disminuir las tasas de morbimortalidad por CCR.

Can We Use the Indication for a Colonoscopy as a Predictor of the Adenoma Detection Rate? / ¿Podemos utilizar la indicación de colonoscopia como predictor de la tasa de detección de adenomas?

Abstract Aim: To determine the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and identify the indications for a colonoscopy that predict adenomas. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. We included patients older than 18 years who underwent colonoscopy between February and July 2020 at a specialized center in Medellín, Colombia. We estimated the ADR and identified the indications for a colonoscopy, considered predictors for finding adenomas. Results: The overall adenoma detection was 21 % (n = 992) and ADR in the screening population was 25 %. The range of 40-49 years contributed 12 % of the total number of adenomas detected, and the male population had a higher incidence (OR 1.73; 95 % CI 1.25-2.38; p < 0.001). Personal history of polyps (OR 1.86; 95 % CI 1.25-2.78; p = 0.002) and fecal occult blood (OR 2.67; 95 % CI 1.12-6.35; p 0.026) are deemed predictors for finding adenomas. LCI filters showed better results in detecting lesions (OR 1.43; 95 % CI 1.02-2.0). Conclusions: The indications for a colonoscopy can predict the probability of detecting adenomas. Male gender, a personal history of polyps, fecal occult blood, and the search for adenomas after the age of 40 are the variables that increase the probability of finding adenomas. The use of LCI filters increases lesion detection. The suggested age to start CRC screening is 40 years.

Resumen Objetivo: determinar la tasa de detección de los adenomas (TDA) e identificar las indicaciones de colonoscopia que predicen su hallazgo. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años sometidos a colonoscopia entre febrero y julio de 2020 en un centro especializado de Medellín, Colombia. Se estimó la TDA y se identificaron las indicaciones de colonoscopia, que se consideran predictores para el hallazgo de adenomas. Resultados: la detección general de adenomas fue del 21 % (n = 992) y la TDA en la población de tamizaje fue del 25 %. El rango de 40 a 49 años aportó el 12 % del total de adenomas detectados y la población masculina tuvo mayor incidencia (OR 1,73; IC 95 % 1,25-2,38; p < 0,001). El antecedente personal de pólipos (OR 1,86; IC 95 % 1,25-2,78; p = 0,002) y la presencia de sangre oculta en heces (OR 2,67; IC 95 % 1,12-6,35; p 0,026) se consideran predictores para el hallazgo de adenomas. El uso de filtros LCI mostró mejores resultados en la detección de las lesiones (OR 1,43; IC 95 % 1,02-2,0). Conclusiones: las indicaciones de la colonoscopia pueden predecir la probabilidad de detección de adenomas. El género masculino, el antecedente personal de pólipos, la presencia de sangre oculta en heces y la búsqueda de adenomas a partir de los 40 años son las variables que aumentan la probabilidad de encontrar adenomas. El uso de filtros LCI aumenta la detección de lesiones. La edad sugerida para el inicio del tamizaje de CCR es a partir de los 40 años.